to afford have the financial means to do something or buy something be in a position to do something (esp. without risk of adverse consequences) upkeep maintenance in good condition black tie very formal men's clothes worn for a social event, usually including a black bow tie fancy dress clothes that you wear for fun to make you look like a particular type of person to field a question to answer adequately or successfully stalling tactic used to mislead or delay to stall ~ (on / over sth) to try to avoid doing sth or answering a question so that you have more time to elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ draw forth (what is latent), deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) loaded question contains a controversial or unjustified assumption, may be used as a rhetorical tool: the question attempts to limit direct replies to be those that serve the questioner's agenda to defuse reduce the tension or potential danger in (a crisis, difficulty, etc.) to recap summarize briefly to admit ~ (to sth / to doing sth) | ~ (to sb) (that ...) to agree, often unwillingly, that sth is true awkward /'ɔkwə:d/ making you feel embarrassed | difficult to deal with evolution gradual development of sth evaluation appraisal of the value of something unpredictable unknown in advance developed economy country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. The country must be high income, but this also includes openness to foreign ownership, ease of capital movement, and efficiency of market institutions Criteria include: per capita income or gross domestic product (GDP), level of industrialization, general standard of living, and the amount of widespread infrastructure developing economy one where people have a lower standard of living and less developed industries than other countries farewell act of saying goodbye to sb superstition belief that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by reason or science | the belief that particular events bring good or bad luck GAC George Armani Cosmetics MS market share (per year) A levels school leaving qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom to students completing secondary or pre-university education HNC (High National Certificate) higher education/further education qualification in the United Kingdom (usually 1 year) HND (Higher National Diploma) diploma given for vocational training that prepares the student for a career in a particular area | good students may progress to a course leading to a degree BA (Bachelor of Arts) degree in diploma after a 2-3 year course at university graduate someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree Bachelor of Arts with Honours (Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore) 1-2 year postgraduate degree Master's degree in academic degree higher than a bachelor's degree but lower than a doctor's degree post-graduate person with a higher degree | student who continues studies after graduation (кандидат наук) to undertake a research degree in (subject) candidate of sciences PhD (in some countries) = кандидат наук doctor (of sciences) someone who holds the highest level of degree given by a university reference letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer voluntary done willingly, not because you are forced apprentice young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job | intern apprenticeship internship | period of time working as an apprentice | a job as an apprentice literate able to read and write consecutive following one after another in a series, without interruption to liaise ~ (with sb) (especially BrE) to work closely with sb and exchange information with them | to act as a link between two or more people or groups covering letter letter containing extra information that you send with sth, e.g. a CV aspiration (for) strong desire to have or do sth to go through to proceed to get through to succeed thoroughly completely and with great attention to detail assumption belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof inadequate /,i'nædəkwət/ ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) not enough | not good enough track record all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization proof of concept (POC) realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle with the aim of verifying that some concept or theory has practical potential. A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete. ROI return on investment scalable capable of being bigger or smaller to pepper sth with sth [often passive] to include large numbers of sth in sth top down analysis method of analysis that involves looking at the "big picture" first, and then analyzing the details of smaller components. By first analyzing the overall picture, such as a macroeconomic trend, an investor can start narrowing potential companies to analyze bottom up approach bottom-up investing approach focuses on the analysis of individual stocks. In bottom-up investing, therefore, the investor focuses his or her attention on a specific company rather than on the industry in which that company operates, or on the economy as a whole, Cortazzo said. temping providing a service or working on a short term assignment, i.e. temporary clerical connected with office work equity financing method of raising capital by selling company stock to investors. In return for the investment, the shareholders receive ownership interests in the company. overdraft amount of money that you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than is in your bank account | an arrangement that allows you to do this interest free loan debt which you pay back without any additional charge mortgage legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years collateral property or sth valuable that you promise to give to sb if you cannot pay back money that you borrow matching funds funds that will be supplied in an amount matching the funds available from other sources lease contract outlining the terms under which one party agrees to rent property owned by another party. It guarantees the lessee, the tenant, use of an asset and guarantees the lessor, the property owner or landlord, regular payments from the lessee for a specified number of months or years to draw up to make up plans or basic details for to draw on to take or procure from a place of deposit | to call for and receive from a fund, or the like intangible assets that does not exist as a physical thing but is still valuable to a company, e.g. experience strain pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with | the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces to turn down to reject, say no pitch talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth to weed out to remove unwanted elements to set out to lay out orderly or logically business angel angel investor or angel (also known as a business angel, informal investor, angel funder, private investor, or seed investor) is an affluent individual who provides capital for a business start-up, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity back-chat way of answering that shows no respect for sb in authority | light teasing repartee | courier person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere fleet group of motor vehicles operating together under the same ownership to rub shoulders with to meet and mix with important people appraise expression of approval to sing one's praises to extol or praise continuously knack (of / for sth) | ~ (of / for doing sth) a special skill or ability that you have naturally or can learn to nurture to care for and protect sb/sth while they are growing and developing stake ~ in sth an important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful durability permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force mailshot advertising or information that is sent to a large number of people at the same time by mail feature characteristics credential evidence of a person's achievements or trustworthiness, usu. in the form of certificates, references, etc to trawl ~ (through sth) (for sth/sb) | ~ sth (for sth/sb) to search through a large amount of information or a large number of people, places, etc. looking for a particular thing or person USP unique selling points to bill sb for sth to ask for payment to denigrate to make a critical remark to give in stop fighting or arguing and do as the other person wants peanut of little importance or influence or power | of minor status if you pay peanuts, you get monkeys good quality costs to haggle (intr / tr + - / over / about) dispute or bargain persistently to merit to deserve concerned ~ (about / for sth) | ~ (that ...) worried and feeling concern about sth | ~ (about / with sth) to be interested in sth to be terrible at sth not to be good at doing sth cold calling practice of telephoning sb that you do not know, in order to sell them sth to suck (slang) used to say that sth is very bad | to suck and see used to say that the only way to know if sth is suitable is to try it on the house paid by the owner | offered | given free of charge to disrupt to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way double-edged having two possible meanings thriving very lively and profitable to lobby ~ (sb) (for / against sth) to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law physician (especially AmEn) doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery | general practitioner (GP) to respond ~ (to sth) (with sth / by doing sth) to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done to determine to discover the facts about sth | to calculate sth exactly | to officially decide and/or arrange sth to flood ~ in / into / out of sth to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers | to fill with water reluctant ~ (to do sth) hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do niche market opportunity to sell a particular product to a particular group of people tying making sales of one product depend on the customer buying another bundling selling several products together as one combined trickery use of dishonest methods to trick people in order to achieve what you want deception act of deliberately making sb believe sth that is not true gripe (informal) a complaint about sth indignant (at / about sth) | ~ (that ...) feeling or showing anger and surprise because you think that you have been treated unfairly to endorse to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action | to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it trusting tending to believe that other people are good, sincere, honest, etc 4 Ps price, promotion, product, placement 4 Cs customer solution, cost, convenience, communication coherency logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts FMCG fast moving consumer goods on the spur of the moment suddenly, without planning in advance for its own sake becoming an end in itself undercover marketing marketing in which customers co not realise they are being marketed to mailshot advertising or information that is sent to a large number of people at the same time by mail appraisal expert estimation of the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of someone or something punchy having punch or vigour | forceful sequencing serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern forecourt staff the part of a filling-station where petrol is supplied kid gloves (to handle with ~) to handle with great care and sensitivity to work one's fingers to the bone to work very hard to pull together to join your efforts with those of others | to work on a task together | to cooperate to put up with to accept patiently | bear late notice request made at the last moment, usually unexpectedly to sack to fire an employee to make sparks fly to increase risks of a dispute, to clash clipping (newspaper ~) excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine to appoint ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as) sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility rapid quick malicious intending or intended to do harm to drag to pull sb/sth along with effort and difficulty to imply to suggest that sth is true or that you feel or think sth, without saying so directly deliberate intentional | not by accident can't make an omelette without breaking (some) eggs to achieve a certain goal one must sometimes incur damage, experience difficulties, or make sacrifices to irritate to annoy sb, especially by sth you continuously do or by sth that continuously happens to the detriment of at the cost of patriarchal ruled or controlled by men | giving power and importance only to men territorial guarding and defending an area of land that they believe to be their own oblivious not aware of sth consultative giving advice or making suggestions accurate correct and true in every detail impartial not supporting one person or group more than another inquisitive asking too many questions and trying to find out about what other people are doing, etc to impart to pass information, knowledge, etc. to other people outgoing liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them to persevere ~ (in sth / in doing sth) | ~ (with sth/sb) (approving) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in spite of difficulties shrewd clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation to manage up to build a successful working relationship with a superior appraisal expert estimation of the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of someone or something reward thing that you are given because you have done sth good, worked hard, etc survey investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions to hold (a meeting) to organize and have a meeting, competition, conversation (usually used in passive form) to be in favour (of sth) to support, prefer an idea, solution punchy having punch or vigour | forceful to overdo do something to an excessive degree, wanting to please more when it is not required to reprimand to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions to praise to say words that show approval of or admiration for sb/sth to merit good feature that deserves praise, reward or admiration to cover for sb to stand in, to substitute for sb to elicit draw forth what is latent, to deduce by reason or argument resentful having a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will, feeling rancour featuring having the following characteristics | possessing KPI key performance indicators thorough exhaustive, complete to groom to prepare or train sb for an important job or position stakeholder person or company that is involved in a particular organization, project, system, etc., especially because they have invested money in it surveyor person whose job is to examine a building to make sure its structure is in good condition or to examine and record the details of a piece of land | an official whose job is to check that sth is accurate, of good quality, etc appraisal expert estimation of the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of someone or something feasibility study uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success resettlement transportation of people (as a family or colony) to a new settlement retreat (country -) quiet, private place that you go to in order to get away from your usual life cross-legged sitting on the floor with your legs pulled up in front of you and with one leg or foot over the other blindfold something that is put over sb's eyes so they cannot see mediocre /ˈmi:dɪəukə/ not very good | of only average standard to offend to make sb feel upset because of sth you say or do that is rude or embarrassing to endure to put up with something or somebody unpleasant to slip to get out of control slippage delay to be bogged down to get stuck & late to run out to have none left to get things back on track bang on target at the right time, achieving scheduled objective touch-feely informal, usually disapproving) expressing emotions too openly, especially through physical contact better-off in a more fortunate or prosperous condition to bully discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner | intimidate maverick independent in behaviour or thought decisive determining or having the power to determine an outcome opinionated stiff, obstinate in your opinions & ideas, narrow-minded determined devoting full strength and concentrated attention to to burn out to work so much that you reach the point of physical or emotional exhaustion to pass the buck ask someone to do an unpleasant task for you Buck-passing clerks in stores make customers angry to pull together to try working together as a team to pull your weight to do your part of the work DF duty free LM local market LL L'Oreal Luxe ST standard trends crate box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with interspaces, used especially for transporting fruit punnet a small light basket or container for fruit or vegetables to shrivel to draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles | to shrink, and form corrugations | a leaf shrivels in the hot sun | the skin shrivels with age bruise mark on a fruit or vegetable where it is damaged sound reliable | in good condition | not damaged, hurt, etc to decay to rot | to be destroyed gradually by natural processes | to destroy sth in this way abrasive rude and unkind | acting in a way that may hurt other people's feelings field marshal officer holding the highest rank in the army rebel person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority street fighter contestant who is very aggressive and willing to use underhand methods to sugarcoat to cause to appear more pleasant or appealing to devise to work out to perish be destroyed | suffer death or ruin impoverished poor enough to need help from others amiable /ˈeɪmjəbl/ disposed to please, friendly and pleasant in temperament | likeable accommodating helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation | willing to help and do things for other people to preserve to keep a particular quality, feature, etc. | to make sure that sth is kept spine backbone | row of small bones that are connected together down the middle of the back assertiveness aggressive self-assurance | given to making bold assertions as a matter of fact actually | really | in addition to what has been said | in reference to what was said accurate precise | exact caring kind, helpful and showing that you care about other people challenging difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability consultative giving advice or making suggestions entrepreneurship activity of organizing, managing, and assuming the risks of a business enterprise impartial not supporting one person or group more than another inquisitive asking too many questions and trying to find out about what other people are doing, etc to be keen on to be fond of to impart to pass information, knowledge, etc. to other people outgoing liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them outspoken saying exactly what you think, even if this shocks or offends people meticulous paying careful attention to every detail perceptive having or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly, especially things that are not obvious persevering /,pəsɪˈvɪərɪŋ/ showing determination to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficulties assertive expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence, so that people take notice to seize (- a chance, an opportunity, the initiative) to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc self-reliant able to do or decide things by yourself, rather than depending on other people for help shrewd clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation judgement ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to do studious marked by care and effort | spending a lot of time studying or reading restricted only available to people with special permission confidential meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people efficient effective fibre part of food that helps to keep a person healthy by keeping the bowels working and moving other food quickly through the body seed small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow newly-wed someone recently married | honeymooner ripe fully grown and ready to be eaten to go to great lengths to do everything you can batch amount of food, medicine, products produced at one time somewhat to some degree | rather to see to sth be careful or certain to do something | make certain of something teething problems small problems that a company, product, system, etc. has at the beginning to mend to repair forklift small industrial vehicle with a power operated forked platform in front that can be inserted under loads to lift and move them skip large open container for putting old bricks, rubbish/garbage, etc. in. The skip is then loaded on a lorry/truck and taken away stacking placing in a vertical arrangement so that each item in a pile is resting on top of another item in the pile rack piece of equipment, usually made of metal or wooden bars, that is used for holding things or for hanging things on lean (manufacturing technique) containing little excess fringe outside boundary or surface of something fringe benefit incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment statutory /ˈstætjutərɪ/ fixed by law | that must be done by law compulsory obligatory design fault flaw in a product which is due to it being poorly designed technical specifications precise guidelines which establish how the product should be built industry standards accepted norm in a particular field of business to impose to force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant quality assurance system put in place to ensure that quality targets are met shoddy designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently heavy-duty made for long or hard use | very strong flimsy thin strong lightweight translucent paper used especially for making carbon copies, lacking solidity or strength, not convincing to splash out (informal) to spend a lot of money on sth compliance (in - with) practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority disposable item that can be disposed of after it has been used to go to great lengths to do everything you can durability able to last long by resisting to stress or force heading title printed at the top of a page or at the beginning of a section of a book superficial not studying or looking at sth thoroughly | seeing only what is obvious sake (for the - of sth) because of the interest or value sth has, not because of the advantages it may bring enchanting capturing interest as if by a spell craze an interest followed with exaggerated zeal, sth which becomes suddenly very popular to take for granted to accept without verification or proof | to suppose or understand to be true trap a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned fads any form of behaviour that develops among a large population and is collectively followed with enthusiasm for some period, generally as a result of the behaviour's being perceived as novel in some way | things which are fashionable for a short time sour unpleasant, unsuccessful, having a stale taste white goods domestic appliance, is usually defined as a large machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task, which includes purposes such as cooking, or food preservation ambiguous open to two or more interpretations | or of uncertain nature or significance rigid antonym of flexible prosecution process of being officially charged with a crime in a court of law adjacent next to alleviated made easier to bear to alleviate to lighten or lessen the force or weight of forthwith immediately to solicit to ask sb for sth, such as support, money, or information | to try to get sth or persuade sb to do sth to make sparks fly to increase risks of a dispute, to clash to drag to pull sb/sth along with effort and difficulty clipping (newspaper ~) excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine to appoint ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as) sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility rapid quick malicious intending or intended to do harm to imply to suggest that sth is true or that you feel or think sth, without saying so directly deliberate intentional | not by accident can't make an omelette without breaking (some) eggs to achieve a certain goal one must sometimes incur damage, experience difficulties, or make sacrifices to irritate to annoy sb, especially by sth you continuously do or by sth that continuously happens to make up to invent acquaintance person you know only slightly grumble a complaint uttered in a low and indistinct tone to keep someone in the loop on sth to keep sb informed about updates to keep sb posted in the loop to fill sb in on sth to give sb details on sth snail mail correspondence sent through the - traditionally slow - post office re regarding abstract sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory CEO corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm | reports to a board of directors | may appoint other managers (including a president) deputy person who is the next most important person below a business manager, a head of a school, a political leader, etc. and who does the person's job when he or she is away vice denoting one who in certain cases may assume the office or duties of a superior | designating an officer or an office that is second in rank or authority | as, vice president vendor person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, usually outside on the street abstract summary carbon footprint way of measuring the environmental impact of human activity to expect regard something as probable or likely fallacy a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument fierce angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening to run an errand any specific task, usually of a routine nature, requiring some form of travel, usually locally. an errand is often on behalf of someone else, but sometimes for one's own purposes to cram crowd or pack to capacity overhaul the act of improving by renewing and restoring slick done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas breather short pause for rest or to relax dash sth done quickly marginally in a minimal degree infinitely continuing forever without end to be better off to be in a better condition succinct briefly giving the gist of something dos & dont's list of what you should & shouldn't do AIDA model used in advertising, i.e. attention, interest, desire, action venue place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference revenue entire amount of income before any deductions are made cheeky offensively bold cunning showing inventiveness and skill, marked by skill in deception commitment act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action easy-going relaxed and informal in attitude or standards bartending serve usually alcoholic drinks behind a counter in a bar, pub, tavern, or similar establishment to embark on to engage in an activity or undertaking lead indication of potential opportunity to generate & follow up leads to create a customer need for and find indication of potential opportunity for B2B faculty body of teachers and administrators at a school venue location of an event captive market markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited amount of competitive suppliers their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. Captive markets result in higher prices and less diversity for consumers. The term therefore applies to any market where there is a monopoly or oligopoly. to beat to do or be better than sth (e.g. you can't beat Italian shoes) faithful loyal trustworthy reliable thoughtful considerate down-to-earth realistic, practical cheerful optimistic (antonym: miserable) witty amusing outgoing antonym of shy dull antonym of creative self-assured confident big-headed arrogant self-centred selfish narrow-minded antonym of tolerant high-flyer person who has the desire and the ability to be very successful in their job or their studies to deliver the goods to attain success or reach a desired goal to liaise /lɪˈeɪz/ to work closely with sb and exchange information with them | act between parties with a view to reconciling differences wannabe ambitious and aspiring young person greedy (for / to) having or showing an excessive appetite for food or drink | wanting wealth or pleasure to excess A levels school leaving qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom to students completing secondary or pre-university education HNC (High National Certificate) higher education/further education qualification in the United Kingdom (usually 1 year) HND (Higher National Diploma) diploma given for vocational training that prepares the student for a career in a particular area | good students may progress to a course leading to a degree BA (Bachelor of Arts) degree in diploma after a 2-3 year course at university graduate someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree Bachelor of Arts with Honours (Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore) 1-2 year postgraduate degree Master's degree in academic degree higher than a bachelor's degree but lower than a doctor's degree post-graduate person with a higher degree | student who continues studies after graduation (кандидат наук) to undertake a research degree in (subject) candidate of sciences PhD (in some countries) = кандидат наук benchmark something which can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared wit assertive expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence, so that people take notice | opposite of submissive down-sizing reduction of expenditures in order to become financially stable | streamlining & restructuring expenditure act of spending or using money | an amount of money spent streamlining make a system, an organization, etc. work better, especially in a way that saves money ngolovina only funds amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose BA beauty adviser sell-in volume of sales to partner businesses (B2B) jargon characteristic language of a particular group acronym word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name signposting post bearing a sign that gives directions or shows the way digression message that departs from the main subject reduced sentences clauses without a subject or sometimes even a verb used in the bullet points of a slide lipstick economy describing consumer trends when people prefer to spend on small luxuries, like cosmetics, rather than buy more expensive goods to manifest (- itself in) to become noticeable | to show sth clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality to run the show to control everything to take on board to accept & involve, make participate to derail to make a train leave the track | to hinder normal operations to pocket to take unlawfully to exceed to be greater than a particular number or amount | to be or do something to a greater degree reps representatives to chair to act or preside as chair, as of an academic department in a university, in a meeting to draw up to make up plans or basic details for to harass to trouble and annoy continually or repeatedly | make repeated attacks on (an enemy or opponent) to be made redundant to be without a job because there is no more work available for you in a company to give in your notice to officially tell sb that you are leaving your job, an organization, etc | to resign to take a sabbatical a leave (usually taken every seventh year) evidence facts, signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true to contribute to give sth, especially money or goods, to help sb/sth to resist to refuse to accept sth and try to stop it from happening tuition (private -) act of teaching sth, especially to one person or to people in small groups to drop out to leave school or an educational program prematurely to miss out to fail | lose or not take a good chance | miss something good working party group of people chosen to study a particular problem or situation in order to suggest ways of dealing with it to exacerbate to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem faculty all the teachers in a faculty of a college or university | department or group of related departments in a college or university hike increase in cost royalties duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured | a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it implication possible effect or result of an action or a decision workforce manpower to run to be in charge of a business | to make a service, course of study, etc. available to people to set up to get ready for a particular purpose or event to liaise to work closely with sb and exchange information with them subordinate person who has a position with less authority and power than sb else in an organization ltd company a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital PLC public limited company inc US equivalent of PLC B2C business to customer sole trader a business entity managed by one person tertiary industry services sector tangible assets anything of material value or usefulness that is owned by a person or company, e.g. plant, machines... intangible assets experience, know-how, patents... partnership association of two or more persons or entities that conduct a business for profit as co-owners partners are taxed as individuals and are personally liable for torts and contractual obligations conglomerate group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization multinational any corporation registered and operating in more than one country at a time, usually with its headquarters in a single country + vertical and horizontal economies of scale + expanded level of output - regarded as destructive of local economies abroad - considered to be prone to monopolistic practices equities company shares that can be bought & sold on the market merger combination of two or more independent business corporations into a single enterprise, usually involving the absorption of one or more firms by a dominant firm takeover seize and take control of a competitor trough period of time when the level of sth is low, especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing bull market market characterized by rising prices for securities bear market market characterized by falling prices for securities bull investor who expects prices to rise and, on this assumption, buys a security or commodity in hopes of reselling it later for a profit. A bullish market is one in which prices are expected to rise bear investor who expects prices to decline and, on this assumption, sells a borrowed security or commodity in the hope of buying it back later at a lower price, a speculative transaction called short-selling